Emerging Trends in the Metaphysical World
- Serenity Stone
- May 18
- 18 min read
I. Introduction: The Dynamic Nature of Metaphysics in the 21st Century
Metaphysics, the branch of philosophy concerned with the fundamental nature of reality, is far from a static discipline. In the 21st century, it is experiencing a significant period of evolution, driven by internal philosophical developments and an increasing engagement with a diverse array of other academic fields.1 Once primarily focused on abstract concepts such as first causes and unchanging substances, the scope of metaphysical inquiry has broadened considerably. Contemporary metaphysicians now grapple with questions concerning free will and the intricate relationship between the mind and the physical body, topics that were not always at the forefront of metaphysical discussions.1 This expansion signifies an inherent dynamism within the field, a continuous re-evaluation of its boundaries and concerns.
The history of metaphysics reveals a cyclical pattern, marked by periods of prominence and relative decline. Following eras dominated by logical positivism and ordinary language philosophy, there has been a notable revival of metaphysics.2 This resurgence indicates a persistent human drive to understand the fundamental aspects of existence, a set of questions that cannot be permanently dismissed. Despite ongoing debates about its relevance in an increasingly scientific age, metaphysics continues to evolve, incorporating new ideas and insights from disciplines such as physics and neuroscience.3 While some might argue that metaphysics has failed to provide definitive answers to its central questions, its enduring presence and adaptation suggest a field that remains vital for critical and systematic thinking about reality.3 The very definition and focus of metaphysics are frequently rethought in relation to scientific advancements and shifting intellectual landscapes, highlighting its capacity for self-renewal and adaptation.4
II. Expanding the Boundaries: The Rise of Social Metaphysics and Applied Metaphysics
A significant development in contemporary metaphysics is its increasing engagement with social and practical issues, leading to the flourishing of subfields like social metaphysics and applied metaphysics.2 Traditionally, metaphysical inquiry might have been perceived as confined to abstract entities and timeless truths. However, there is now a clear recognition that metaphysical considerations extend to the nature of social reality and its constituents.2 The metaphysics of race, gender, disability, social groups, and sexuality have become standard topics of investigation, integrated into university curricula and discussed at mainstream philosophy conferences.2 This inclusion reflects a growing awareness that understanding the fundamental nature of reality necessitates an examination of the social world and the categories that shape human experience.
The journal Analysis and Metaphysics identifies "social metaphysics" as a key emerging area, alongside other interdisciplinary fields, underscoring its growing importance within the discipline.5 Furthermore, the scope of metaphysics has expanded to encompass topics such as the intricate relationship between mind and body, as well as the enduring problem of free will.6 Beyond these traditional concerns, metaphysical concepts and frameworks are finding increasing application in diverse fields like artificial intelligence, economics, and sociology.6 The development and utilization of ontologies, which are essentially metaphysical systems for categorizing and understanding what exists, demonstrate the practical utility of metaphysical thinking in structuring knowledge across various domains. A compelling illustration of the relevance of metaphysics to social and political thought is the debate surrounding the existence of "society" itself.7 Margaret Thatcher's assertion that "there is no such thing as society" serves as a prime example of a metaphysical claim with direct implications for how we understand social structures, individual responsibility, and the very nature of collective existence.7 Even academic courses, while not always explicitly labeled "metaphysics," delve into the nature of social and political entities and concepts, such as the exploration of justice and political practice in courses on "Agents of Change".8 This broadening of scope and application underscores the pervasive influence of metaphysical questions in shaping our understanding of the world, both in its abstract foundations and its concrete social realities.
III. The Inductive Turn: Integrating Empirical Evidence into Metaphysical Inquiry
A notable emerging trend in contemporary metaphysics is the increasing integration of empirical evidence and scientific findings into philosophical reasoning, marking a departure from purely a priori methods.2 Traditionally, metaphysics has relied heavily on reason and intuition as its primary tools. However, the emergence of "inductive metaphysics" signifies a methodological shift towards grounding metaphysical principles in observable reality.9 This relatively new branch of metaphysics seeks to justify its claims through inductive or abductive inferences drawn from empirical evidence, rather than relying solely on logical or conceptual considerations.9 This approach suggests a move towards a more empirically informed understanding of the fundamental nature of reality.
Ross Cameron, in an interview on the state of contemporary metaphysics, proposes that even fundamental metaphysical questions, such as the possibility of infinite descent in the structure of reality, might have an empirical component.2 He suggests that empirical evidence and considerations of usefulness play a role in addressing metaphysical inquiries, indicating a growing interconnectedness between philosophy and science.2 This perspective aligns with the views of many modern philosophers who identify as naturalists, often considering metaphysical disputes to have empirical stakes.10 In fact, Cameron notes that when metaphysicians attempt to address interesting questions that cannot be resolved through purely linguistic analysis, these questions often turn out to be empirical in nature.2
Perhaps the most radical manifestation of this inductive turn is the development of "metaphysical experiments".11 These innovative approaches utilize the tools and rigor of the scientific method to test philosophical worldviews and the often-hidden assumptions that underlie our understanding of reality.11 Experiments based on Bell's Inequality, for instance, aim to test fundamental metaphysical assumptions about locality and realism by examining correlations between quantum particles.11 Similarly, variations of Wigner's Friend thought experiment are being used to probe the nature of objective reality and the absoluteness of measurement outcomes in the quantum realm.11 These "metaphysical experiments" represent a significant departure from traditional armchair philosophy, seeking a more secure and scientifically informed basis for metaphysical knowledge and potentially leading to a re-evaluation of deeply held assumptions about the universe.11
IV. New Perspectives on Fundamental Concepts: Time, Modality, and Ontology
Despite the emergence of new areas of focus, traditional metaphysical concepts such as time, modality (encompassing possibility and necessity), and ontology (the study of being and existence) continue to be actively re-examined and reconceptualized in contemporary metaphysical thought.1 The ongoing engagement with these fundamental questions is evident in various forms of philosophical output. The Routledge Studies in Metaphysics series, for example, features forthcoming books that delve into topics like "The Metaphysically Dynamic Universe," which explores motion as the essence of time and reality, and "A Dynamic Theory of Hylomorphism," which reconceptualizes form as activity.9 These titles suggest a potential shift towards more process-oriented ontologies that emphasize change and dynamism rather than static substances. Other forthcoming works in the same series address "The Ontology of Relations" and "Political Identity and the Metaphysics of Polities," indicating continued exploration of core ontological questions and their application to diverse domains.9
Academic institutions also reflect this ongoing engagement with fundamental concepts. The University of Chicago, for instance, offers courses like "Free Will," a topic deeply intertwined with questions of determinism and modal possibilities.8 Furthermore, abstracts of philosophical presentations showcase continued inquiry into concepts such as time travel, the implications of determinism, and the nature of infinite series.12 These discussions demonstrate that even seemingly well-trodden metaphysical paths continue to yield new insights and debates. The philosophy of time, in particular, remains a vibrant area of inquiry, with ongoing discussions about the ordinary conception of time, the openness of the future, and their relationship to concepts like free will.13
Contemporary metaphysics, as outlined in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, continues to investigate core areas such as modality, space and time, and the nature of persistence and constitution.1 The enduring interest in "being as such" and the concept of existence also remains central to ontological inquiry.1 A collection of contemporary debates in metaphysics further highlights the ongoing discussions surrounding time, specifically the contrasting views of presentism and eternalism, as well as different perspectives on persistence through time, such as the theory of temporal parts.14 The continued exploration of these fundamental concepts underscores their enduring complexity and relevance to our understanding of the universe and our place within it.
V. The Mind-Body Problem Revisited: Consciousness and its Metaphysical Implications
The enduring mystery of consciousness and its relationship to the physical world remains a central and intensely debated topic within contemporary metaphysics, drawing increasing influence from neuroscience and other cognitive sciences.12 Despite significant advancements in our understanding of the brain, the fundamental question of how physical processes give rise to subjective experience continues to challenge philosophers and scientists alike. The existence of presentations like "Against Grounding Physicalism: Is consciousness physical?" indicates that purely physicalist accounts of consciousness, which attempt to explain it solely in terms of physical properties, continue to face scrutiny and alternative perspectives.12
The emergence of interdisciplinary fields like neurophilosophy, which explicitly bridges neuroscience and philosophy, and the growing interest in robot consciousness, as highlighted by their inclusion as "hot emerging topics" in the journal Analysis and Metaphysics, demonstrate the expanding scope of inquiry into the nature of mind.5 The scientific study of consciousness has indeed moved beyond the exclusive domain of philosophy, becoming a major subject of research in neuroscience over the past few decades.16 This interdisciplinary integration has led to significant progress in identifying neural correlates of consciousness, yet fundamental metaphysical questions persist regarding why consciousness exists at all and how it arises from physical substrates.17 Debates continue regarding the appropriate methodologies for consciousness science and the underlying assumptions that ground various theories, such as functionalism, mind-brain identity, and behaviorism.16
From a metaphysical perspective, some argue for the causal potency of consciousness, suggesting that conscious experiences play a genuine role in influencing physical actions, a view that aligns with evolutionary theory.18 This perspective sometimes leads to explorations of consciousness at the quantum level, proposing links between conscious experiences and quantum brain states.18 Others examine the interplay between metaphysical and physical structures and processes in order to explain how minds are even possible.19 Some philosophical traditions view consciousness as a duality, encompassing both rational and intuitive awareness, and connect it to broader metaphysical concepts like the human spirit.20 The subjective and evolutionary aspects of consciousness are also being explored, with frameworks like integrated information theory and conscious realism being considered as potential ways to understand the enigma of conscious experience.21 The ongoing and multifaceted investigation into consciousness underscores its central importance to contemporary metaphysics and its complex relationship with the scientific understanding of the mind.
VI. The Intertwined Realms: Metaphysics and Spirituality in Contemporary Thought
The relationship between metaphysics and spirituality is undergoing a significant re-examination in contemporary thought, marked by a growing interest in exploring the metaphysical foundations of spiritual beliefs and experiences, as well as the potential for scientific inquiry into spiritual phenomena.12 Traditionally viewed as distinct domains, philosophy and spirituality are finding new points of intersection. The enduring relevance of classic metaphysical arguments with theological implications, such as the "Fine-tuning Argument" for the existence of God, which posits that the universe's apparent suitability for life suggests a divine creator, continues to be debated.12 Conversely, philosophical perspectives that explore the possibility of atheistic prayer demonstrate the nuanced ways in which metaphysical inquiry engages with religious concepts.12 Even within academic philosophy, topics like "Religious Support" are being explored, suggesting a growing dialogue between metaphysics and religious studies.5
Interestingly, there is a discernible trend within natural science, described as a "metaphysical revolution," where physicists are becoming more open to theological questions and inquiries into the nature of consciousness.22 This suggests a potential convergence between traditionally separate fields of knowledge. Furthermore, scientific research is increasingly investigating spiritual states and practices. News headlines report on studies providing scientific insights into deep spiritual states achieved through practices like Buddhist jhana meditation and Christian speaking in tongues, as well as the effects of meditation on brain areas associated with memory and emotional regulation.23 These empirical investigations indicate a growing interest in understanding the mechanisms and correlates of spiritual experiences from a scientific perspective.
However, not all perspectives view this convergence uncritically. The concept of a "New Spirituality" is presented as a potentially significant cultural and metaphysical shift, one that may represent the next phase in the evolution of human belief systems, potentially diverging from traditional biblical theism.24 Diverse philosophical perspectives on spirituality are also being explored, encompassing the philosophy of prayer, the connection between mysticism and activism, and the enduring wisdom offered by ancient philosophical and mystical traditions.25 Some contemporary authors aim to bridge the gap between esoteric wisdom and empirical evidence in their exploration of metaphysical and spiritual concepts, seeking to provide a more integrated understanding of these interconnected realms.26
Recent surveys on public perception reveal a widespread and persistent interest in spiritual and religious beliefs, indicating that metaphysical questions related to the spiritual realm resonate deeply with the general population.27 Belief in a spiritual realm beyond the physical, the existence of souls, and the possibility of an afterlife remain common, even amidst declining affiliation with traditional religious institutions. This suggests that while the forms of spiritual engagement may be evolving, the underlying metaphysical questions about meaning, existence, and the transcendent continue to hold significant sway in contemporary society.
VII. Technology's Metaphysical Footprint: Exploring the Intersection
The rapid and pervasive advancement of technology in the 21st century is profoundly impacting the metaphysical landscape, raising novel questions about the nature of reality, identity, consciousness, and the intricate relationship between the physical and virtual realms.5 The journal Analysis and Metaphysics highlights several emerging topics at this intersection, including deep learning neural networks, metaphysical sociology, cognitive automation, predictive analytics, robot consciousness, and the cognitive Internet of Things.5 These areas, all with significant technological dimensions, carry profound metaphysical implications that are increasingly being explored.
The intersection of metaphysical materialism in the digital age is examined in the context of how virtual communities and social media ecosystems influence paranormal beliefs and the consumption of related artifacts.37 This research reveals how technology can shape and disseminate metaphysical ideas, impacting cultural trends and consumer behavior. Philosophically, the relationship between spirituality and technology is being explored through classical categories like transcendence, immanence, and relationality, seeking to understand how these two key aspects of human experience inform and challenge each other.38 This cross-reflection acknowledges the significant role technology plays in contemporary society while also considering the insights that spirituality can offer in navigating the technological age.
The resurgence of interest in both spirituality and metaphysics is also linked to technology and a broader human desire for meaning and connection in an increasingly complex world.39 The exploration of simulation theory, as indicated by the book title "Death in the Simulation: What Has The Simulation Planned For Us After Death?", directly engages with the metaphysical implications of the possibility that our reality is not fundamental but rather a computationally generated simulation.40 Similarly, the title "AI and Our Divine Spark" suggests an examination of the relationship between artificial intelligence and spiritual or metaphysical concepts of human nature.40 As technology continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace, its intersection with metaphysics will undoubtedly remain a fertile ground for philosophical inquiry, prompting us to reconsider fundamental assumptions about existence and our place in the cosmos.
VIII. Shifting Public Perceptions of Metaphysical Beliefs
Public interest in and acceptance of metaphysical beliefs are undergoing a notable evolution, influenced by a complex interplay of factors including declining religious affiliation, increasing scientific understanding, and various cultural trends.27 Recent surveys provide valuable insights into this shifting landscape. A significant trend is the growth of the "spiritual but not religious" demographic, indicating a move away from traditional religious frameworks towards more individualized and less structured forms of spirituality.29 While belief in core metaphysical concepts like a spiritual realm and human souls remains widespread, there has been a discernible decline in belief in specific religious entities such as God (as traditionally conceived), angels, heaven, hell, and the devil.27
Table: Public Perception of Key Metaphysical Beliefs (Based on Recent Surveys)
Belief | Pew Research Center (2023-24) | Gallup (2023) | YouGov (2022) | PRRI (2023) |
Something spiritual beyond the natural world | 79% | - | - | - |
Human souls | 86% | - | - | - |
Belief in heaven | 67% | 67% | - | - |
Belief in hell | 55% | 59% | - | - |
Belief in God | 83% | 74% | - | - |
Spiritual but not religious | 22% | 33% | - | 18% |
These surveys suggest that while traditional religious beliefs may be waning, a substantial portion of the population continues to hold spiritual and metaphysical beliefs, often seeking meaning and connection outside the confines of organized religion. Public interest in metaphysics also appears to be fueled by a desire to understand fundamental questions about existence, purpose, and the nature of reality, particularly in an era marked by uncertainty and rapid social change.41 The increasing popularity of fortune-telling and the integration of metaphysical concepts into popular culture, such as fashion, indicate a broader societal engagement with these ideas, perhaps as a means of finding comfort, guidance, or even entertainment.41
The relationship between metaphysics and science in public perception is complex. While the rise of scientific explanations has undoubtedly challenged some traditional metaphysical beliefs, there is also a recognition that science may not be equipped to answer all fundamental questions, leaving space for philosophical inquiry.42 Some sources suggest a decline in formal metaphysical studies within universities 44, while others emphasize the enduring human need for metaphysical understanding and conversation.45 The concept of a "post-truth" era, where truth is considered a matter of opinion, also reflects a broader societal struggle with foundational questions that are inherently metaphysical.42 Ultimately, the evolving public perception of metaphysical beliefs highlights a dynamic interplay between tradition, scientific progress, and the enduring human quest for meaning and understanding.
IX. Process Philosophy and the Emphasis on Becoming
Process philosophy, with its core tenets centered on change, becoming, and interconnectedness, is increasingly emerging as a relevant metaphysical framework for understanding a reality that is inherently dynamic and constantly evolving.46 This philosophical movement, most famously associated with Alfred North Whitehead, offers a profound departure from traditional, static views of the universe that have often emphasized substance and permanence.47 At its heart, process philosophy challenges the mechanistic and materialistic understanding of reality by embracing a perspective that sees the world as fundamentally in flux.
Historically, Western metaphysics has grappled with the tension between the idea of a static, unchanging reality (as proposed by Parmenides) and a dynamic, ever-changing one (as championed by Heraclitus).46 Contemporary thought, particularly in fields like developmental science, is witnessing a renewed push towards relationalism and a focus on process, activity, change, and emergence as fundamental categories.46 This aligns with the core principles of process philosophy, which posits that everything, from the smallest particles to the largest galaxies, is in a continuous state of transformation, a process of becoming rather than a state of being.47 In this view, the essence of reality lies not in static objects themselves, but in their ongoing processes and the relationships they form with each other.47
Process metaphysics is argued to be particularly well-suited for describing life and the phenomenon of evolution, offering a more fitting framework than traditional substance-based metaphysics.43 Its emphasis on interconnectedness and the continuous flow of experience resonates with our understanding of complex living systems and their interactions with the environment.47 Furthermore, process philosophy is seen by some as a compelling metaphysics for the post-quantum world, offering a conceptual framework that can potentially accommodate the inherent dynamism and relationality observed at the quantum level.48 By shifting the focus from static substances to dynamic processes, process philosophy offers a holistic and integrated view of reality, one that sees human experience, consciousness, and emotions as deeply intertwined with the ongoing unfolding of the universe.47 This perspective has significant implications for ethics, encouraging a sense of responsibility and interconnectedness by highlighting the far-reaching consequences of actions within a constantly evolving web of relationships.47
X. The Ongoing Relevance of Metametaphysics: Examining the Foundations of Metaphysical Inquiry
Metametaphysics, the philosophical study of the nature and methodology of metaphysics itself, remains a vital and actively pursued area of inquiry, particularly within a field characterized by diverse approaches and ongoing debates about its legitimacy and scope.10 Analytic metaphysics, a dominant tradition in contemporary philosophy, is deeply intertwined with meta metaphysical concerns, focusing on the appropriate methods and inherent limitations of metaphysical investigation.10 This self-reflective aspect of the field aims to clarify the very nature of metaphysical inquiry, what kinds of questions it can meaningfully address, and the most suitable methods for doing so.
Despite its enduring presence, metaphysics has faced criticisms regarding the reliability of its methods and the meaningfulness of its theories.6 These critiques underscore the importance of meta metaphysical reflection in articulating the value and justification of metaphysical work, especially in relation to other disciplines like science.50 Even those who are critical of metaphysics often find themselves engaging with its arguments, highlighting the inherent difficulty of escaping metaphysical considerations altogether.50 The lack of universal agreement among metaphysicians regarding their fundamental aims, underlying premises, and effective techniques for tackling new problems further emphasizes the need for ongoing meta metaphysical dialogue.49 Understanding the historical development of meta metaphysical attitudes, as influenced by figures like Quine and Carnap, is also crucial for appreciating the current state of the field.10
The perception of a lack of progress in philosophy, particularly in metaphysics, is a common concern.51 However, it is argued that progress in non-empirical disciplines like mathematics and logic is indeed possible, suggesting that similar advancements might be achievable in metaphysics through a clearer understanding of its methodologies.51 Given the diverse range of approaches and intellectual traditions within contemporary metaphysics, meta metaphysical discussions play a crucial role in fostering understanding, clarifying the differences between various perspectives, and potentially identifying common ground or promising directions for future research.49 This ongoing examination of the foundations of metaphysical inquiry is essential for ensuring its continued relevance and intellectual rigor in the 21st century.
XI. Conclusion: The Future Trajectory of Metaphysical Exploration
The metaphysical world in the 21st century is characterized by a dynamic interplay between tradition and innovation. Emerging trends indicate a field that is expanding its boundaries, integrating empirical evidence, and revisiting fundamental questions with fresh perspectives. The rise of social and applied metaphysics demonstrates a commitment to addressing real-world issues and engaging with other disciplines. The inductive turn signifies a growing recognition of the importance of empirical data in informing metaphysical theories, blurring the lines between philosophy and science. Traditional concepts like time, modality, and ontology continue to be rigorously examined, often with an emphasis on dynamic and process-oriented frameworks. The enduring mystery of consciousness and its relation to the physical world remains a central focus, drawing insights from neuroscience and artificial intelligence.
Furthermore, the intersection of metaphysics and spirituality is being re-evaluated, with increasing openness to dialogue between these traditionally separate domains. Technology is also leaving an indelible metaphysical footprint, raising novel questions about reality, identity, and the virtual. Public perception of metaphysical beliefs is evolving, marked by a decline in traditional religious affiliation but a persistent interest in spirituality and fundamental questions about existence. Finally, the resurgence of process philosophy offers a compelling framework for understanding a dynamic and interconnected reality, while ongoing engagement with metametaphysics ensures the field remains self-reflective and rigorous.
Looking ahead, the future of metaphysical exploration is likely to be characterized by continued interdisciplinary engagement, further development of empirically informed and practically relevant approaches, and a persistent drive to address the fundamental questions that lie at the heart of human understanding. The evolving role of metaphysics in public discourse suggests its enduring importance in navigating an increasingly complex and rapidly changing world.
Works cited
Metaphysics - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, accessed May 17, 2025, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/metaphysics/
The State of Contemporary Metaphysics - Daily Nous, accessed May 17, 2025, https://dailynous.com/2019/09/20/state-contemporary-metaphysics/
What is metaphysics and is it outdated already? - The Philosopher's Shirt, accessed May 17, 2025, https://the-philosophers-shirt.com/blogs/philosophical-dictionary/what-is-metaphysics-and-is-it-outdated-already
Has metaphysics undergone any change since modern advances in science and philosophy? : r/askphilosophy - Reddit, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/12mdup0/has_metaphysics_undergone_any_change_since_modern/
Analysis and Metaphysics, accessed May 17, 2025, https://analysisandmetaphysics.com/
Metaphysics - Wikipedia, accessed May 17, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics
What is metaphysics? - The British Academy, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/blog/what-is-metaphysics/
2024-2025 - Department of Philosophy - The University of Chicago, accessed May 17, 2025, https://philosophy.uchicago.edu/taxonomy/term/229
Routledge Studies in Metaphysics - Book Series, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-Metaphysics/book-series/RSM
How has the field of metaphysics changed after the analytic philosophy movement made it temporarily unpopular? : r/askphilosophy - Reddit, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/12eu1n3/how_has_the_field_of_metaphysics_changed_after/
'Metaphysical Experiments' Test Hidden Assumptions About Reality ..., accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.quantamagazine.org/metaphysical-experiments-test-hidden-assumptions-about-reality-20240730/
CURRENT EVENTS - Philosophy - Boise State University, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.boisestate.edu/philosophy/upcoming-events/
The Phenomenology and Metaphysics of the Open Future - PhilArchive, accessed May 17, 2025, https://philarchive.org/archive/LAMTPA-7
Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics - Ted Sider, accessed May 17, 2025, https://tedsider.org/books/debates_for_web.pdf
Scientists Don't Know Why Consciousness Exists, And a New Study Proves It - Reddit, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/consciousness/comments/1kgvlpb/scientists_dont_know_why_consciousness_exists_and/
When philosophical nuance matters: safeguarding consciousness research from restrictive assumptions - Frontiers, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1306023/full
The Status and Future of Consciousness Research - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed May 17, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5641373/
Evolution of Consciousness - PMC, accessed May 17, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10817314/
Dynamic metaphysical grounding of consciousness in evolution[*] - Aaron Sloman, accessed May 17, 2025, https://cogaffarchive.org/misc/grounding-consciousness.html
The Metaphysical Wanderings of Consciousness - Psychology Today, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-consciousness-question/201803/the-metaphysical-wanderings-consciousness
Subjective Evolution of Consciousness, accessed May 17, 2025, https://consciousliving.sites.stanford.edu/news/subjective-evolution-consciousness
Is A Metaphysical Revolution Afoot in the Natural Sciences?, accessed May 17, 2025, https://footnotes2plato.substack.com/p/is-there-a-metaphysical-revolution
Spirituality News - ScienceDaily, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/spirituality/
The New Spirituality | Modern Reformation, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.modernreformation.org/resources/articles/the-new-spirituality
Metaphysics & Spirituality - Beshara Magazine, accessed May 17, 2025, https://besharamagazine.org/metaphysics-spirituality/
Metaphysical Sherpa: Misunderstood Mystic (Evidence Edition) - Amazon.com, accessed May 17, 2025, https://a.co/d/172hgwC
Americans' religious, spiritual beliefs like in God, souls, heaven & hell | Pew Research Center, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/02/26/religious-and-spiritual-beliefs/
Belief in Five Spiritual Entities Edges Down to New Lows - Gallup News, accessed May 17, 2025, https://news.gallup.com/poll/508886/belief-five-spiritual-entities-edges-down-new-lows.aspx
Spirituality Among Americans | Pew Research Center, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/12/07/spirituality-among-americans/
What Does Being Spiritual Mean? | The Pew Charitable Trusts, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/trust/archive/spring-2024/what-does-being-spiritual-mean
In U.S., 47% Identify as Religious, 33% as Spiritual - Gallup News, accessed May 17, 2025, https://news.gallup.com/poll/511133/identify-religious-spiritual.aspx
Most Americans endorse at least some aspects of the new-age spiritual movement | YouGov, accessed May 17, 2025, https://today.yougov.com/health/articles/44581-most-americans-hold-some-new-age-beliefs-poll
More Americans Turn Their Backs on Organized Religion | NORC at the University of Chicago, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.norc.org/research/library/more-americans-turn-their-backs-on-organized-religion.html
A New Look at the Spiritual but Not Religious | PRRI, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.prri.org/research/religiosity-and-spirituality-in-america/
Why is spiritual health important? - McKinsey, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/in-search-of-self-and-something-bigger-a-spiritual-health-exploration
Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: A review of the current scientific evidence, accessed May 17, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8462234/
METAPHYSICAL MATERIALISM IN DIGITAL AGE: THE INTERSECTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA, ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY, AND TALISMANIC EWOM CONSUMPTION, accessed May 17, 2025, https://ijssmer.com/pub/ijssmer/article/download/82/86/132
spirituality and technology: a threefold philosophical reflection - ResearchGate, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363357668_SPIRITUALITY_AND_TECHNOLOGY_A_THREEFOLD_PHILOSOPHICAL_REFLECTION
A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Nicholas David Mirisola's Metaphysical Claims in "Metaphysical Sherpa: Misunderstood Mystic" - International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science - RSIS International, accessed May 17, 2025, https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/a-comprehensive-meta-analysis-of-nicholas-david-mirisolas-metaphysical-claims-in-metaphysical-sherpa-misunderstood-mystic/
The best-selling new & future releases in Philosophy Metaphysics - Amazon.com, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.amazon.com/gp/new-releases/books/11055
Young people increasingly believe that "metaphysics" what impact on the fashion industry? - VERTU® Official Site, accessed May 17, 2025, https://vertu.com/lifestyle/young-people-increasingly-believe-that-metaphysics-what-impact-on-the-fashion-industry-4/
Metaphysical myth busting the cowardice of 'post-truth' - The Ethics Centre, accessed May 17, 2025, https://ethics.org.au/metaphysical-myth-busting-the-cowardice-of-post-truth/
The metaphysics of evolution - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed May 17, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5566809/
METAPHYSICS AND THE WORLD CRISIS - University of St. Thomas, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www.stthom.edu/Public/getFile.asp?File_Content_ID=118072
The Value of Metaphysics and of Metaphysical Conversation, accessed May 17, 2025, https://miuc.org/the-value-of-metaphysics-and-of-metaphysical-conversation/
The Metaphysics of Development and Evolution: From Thing Ontology to Process Ontology | Human Development | Karger Publishers, accessed May 17, 2025, https://karger.com/hde/article/67/5-6/233/869596/The-Metaphysics-of-Development-and-Evolution-From
Methodological Shifts in Process Philosophy: From Static to Dynamic Understandings of Reality, accessed May 17, 2025, https://philosophy.institute/western-philosophy/process-philosophy-methodological-shifts/
PROCESS PHILOSOPHY : A metaphysics for our time?, accessed May 17, 2025, https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/15785/process-philosophy-a-metaphysics-for-our-time
Contemporary Metaphysicians and Their Traditions - PhilArchive, accessed May 17, 2025, https://philarchive.org/archive/NOLCMA
No Escape from Metaphysics - Daily Nous, accessed May 17, 2025, https://dailynous.com/2020/07/29/no-escape-metaphysics/
RECENT ADVANCES IN METAPHYSICS - Lawrence University, accessed May 17, 2025, https://www2.lawrence.edu/fast/ryckmant/RECENT%20ADVANCES%20IN%20METAPHYSICS.pdf
Comments